Who founded the South West Africa People’s Organization (SWAPO) in Namibia?
a. Andimba Toivo ya Toivo
b. Hage Geingob
c. Sam Nujoma
d. Hifikepunye Pohamba
Answer: c. Sam Nujoma
SWAPO played a crucial role in the struggle for Namibia’s independence. What was SWAPO’s primary objective during the liberation struggle?
a. Economic reform
b. Cultural preservation
c. Armed struggle for independence
d. Diplomatic negotiations
Answer: c. Armed struggle for independence
The armed wing of SWAPO, responsible for military operations against South African forces, was known as:
a. UNTAG (United Nations Transition Assistance Group)
b. PLAN (People’s Liberation Army of Namibia)
c. OPO (Ovambo People’s Organization)
d. SWANU (South West Africa National Union)
Answer: b. PLAN (People’s Liberation Army of Namibia)
The first armed confrontation between SWAPO’s PLAN forces and South African forces occurred in 1966. Where did this battle take place?
a. Windhoek
b. Swakopmund
c. Ongulumbashe
d. Lüderitz
Answer: c. Ongulumbashe
SWAPO’s armed struggle received support from various countries. Which neighboring country provided a base for PLAN operations and support to SWAPO fighters?
a. Angola
b. Zambia
c. Botswana
d. Zimbabwe
Answer: a. Angola
The establishment of SWAPO’s military training camps in Angola was a response to:
a. Economic development needs
b. Educational reforms
c. South African incursions
d. Cultural preservation efforts
Answer: c. South African incursions
What was the significance of the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale in 1988 in the context of Namibia’s liberation struggle?
a. It marked the independence of Namibia.
b. It led to the withdrawal of South African forces from Namibia.
c. It resulted in the defeat of PLAN forces.
d. It signaled the end of SWAPO’s armed struggle.
Answer: b. It led to the withdrawal of South African forces from Namibia.
SWAPO received international support for its liberation struggle. What role did the Soviet Union play in assisting SWAPO?
a. Economic aid
b. Military training and supplies
c. Diplomatic negotiations
d. Cultural exchange programs
Answer: b. Military training and supplies
The UN Security Council passed resolutions condemning the presence of South African forces in Namibia. What resolution called for the withdrawal of South African forces and paved the way for Namibia’s independence?
a. Resolution 661
b. Resolution 1284
c. Resolution 435
d. Resolution 242
Answer: c. Resolution 435
SWAPO’s armed struggle aimed to achieve not only Namibia’s independence but also:
a. Economic dominance
b. Regional military alliances
c. Social equality
d. Self-determination for Namibians
Answer: d. Self-determination for Namibians
What was the role of SWAPO’s Women’s Council during the liberation struggle?
a. Military operations
b. Cultural preservation
c. Humanitarian aid
d. Political mobilization
Answer: d. Political mobilization
The Cassinga Massacre in 1978, where South African forces attacked a SWAPO refugee camp, resulted in a significant loss of lives. Where did this massacre occur?
a. Windhoek
b. Cassinga
c. Ongulumbashe
d. Swakopmund
Answer: b. Cassinga
SWAPO’s armed struggle saw the involvement of Cuban forces in support of Namibian and Angolan liberation efforts. What was the main battleground for Cuban forces against South African troops?
a. Luanda
b. Ongulumbashe
c. Cuito Cuanavale
d. Cassinga
Answer: c. Cuito Cuanavale
Which international organization played a crucial role in supporting SWAPO’s diplomatic efforts for Namibia’s independence?
a. Organization of African Unity (OAU)
b. United Nations Security Council
c. Non-Aligned Movement
d. Southern African Development Community (SADC)
Answer: a. Organization of African Unity (OAU)
The United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG) was deployed to Namibia to oversee the transition to independence. What was the main responsibility of UNTAG?
a. Military intervention
b. Humanitarian aid
c. Facilitating free and fair elections
d. Economic development projects
Answer: c. Facilitating free and fair elections
SWAPO’s armed struggle faced internal challenges, leading to the split of its military wing. What breakaway faction emerged in the late 1970s?
a. PLAN-A
b. SWAPO-Militant
c. PLAN-B
d. SWAPO-Democratic Alliance (SWAPO-DA)
Answer: a. PLAN-A
The “Turnhalle Talks” in the late 1970s aimed to bring various Namibian political parties together. What was SWAPO’s stance on these talks?
a. Actively participated
b. Boycotted the talks
c. Led the talks
d. Supported them diplomatically
Answer: b. Boycotted the talks
The town of Lubango in Angola served as a strategic location for SWAPO during the liberation struggle. What was its significance?
a. PLAN’s headquarters
b. Refugee center
c. Cultural hub
d. Diplomatic mission
Answer: a. PLAN’s headquarters
SWAPO’s armed struggle received condemnation from some Western countries. What was a common criticism leveled against SWAPO by these nations?
a. Lack of clear objectives
b. Human rights abuses
c. Failure to engage in diplomatic negotiations
d. Dependence on foreign aid
Answer: b. Human rights abuses
The UN Security Council passed Resolution 435 in 1978, outlining the steps for Namibia’s transition to independence. What significant role did SWAPO play in implementing this resolution?
a. Opposed its implementation
b. Led the military intervention
c. Actively participated in its implementation
d. Requested an extension of the mandate
Answer: c. Actively participated in its implementation